From Nabataeans to Byzantines: The Legacy of Umm Al Jimal
Jordan has long been a guardian of historical and religious heritage, evident in its 1981 nomination of East Jerusalem as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over the years, iconic sites like Petra (1985), Qasr Amra (1985), Umm ar-Rasas (2004), Wadi Rum (2011), the Baptism Site (2015), and Salt (2021) have received UNESCO recognition. In 2024, the ancient city of Umm Al Jimal, located in northeastern Jordan, joined this esteemed list.
Umm Al Jimal was part of the Limes Arabicus, a Roman frontier that defended against Persian and nomadic invasions. Unlike many other ruins that consist of just foundations, Umm Al Jimal boasts around 170 buildings, some rising to the second or third floor. "The site’s structural integrity provides visitors with a rare opportunity to envision its magnificence during the Roman-Byzantine era," noted Darrell Rohl, co-director of the Umm Al Jimal Archaeological Project.
Situated on the basaltic plains of the Houran region, Umm Al Jimal has been continuously inhabited for 2,000 years, from the Nabataeans to modern times. During the Roman annexation of the Nabataean Kingdom in 106 AD, Umm Al Jimal became a vital settlement connected to Bosra, the Nabataeans’ secondary capital. The Commodus Gate, a Roman monument from the 2nd century AD, reflects the political turmoil following Emperor Commodus' assassination in 192 AD.
The town played a crucial role in Roman governance, contributing seven council members to Bosra. By the 4th century AD, a military castellum housed garrisons, with reinforcements from the Ninth Dalmatian Cavalry between 367 and 373 AD. In the 3rd century, Queen Zenobia of Palmyra attacked the settlement, adding to its dramatic history. Today, Umm Al Jimal stands as a remarkable testament to Jordan’s layered past, offering insight into Roman, Nabataean, and Byzantine influences.
Umm Qais: A Gem of Jordanian Heritage
Nestled atop a scenic hill in northern Jordan, Umm Qais is one of the country’s most captivating destinations. Officially recognized as one of the world’s best tourism villages, Umm Qais, historically known as Gadara, was once a flourishing center of culture, philosophy, and the arts in the Roman Decapolis.
The ruins of Umm Qais transport visitors back in time, showcasing a well-preserved amphitheater, colonnaded streets, ancient baths, and an early Christian basilica. The site’s striking location provides panoramic views of the Jordan Valley, the Sea of Galilee, and the Golan Heights, making it a unique vantage point for exploring the region’s geographical beauty.
Beyond its archaeological significance, Umm Qais thrives as a vibrant community where history and modernity seamlessly blend. Visitors can experience authentic Jordanian hospitality, savor farm-to-table cuisine made from locally sourced ingredients, and engage with skilled artisans who continue the traditions of pottery and weaving.
The area surrounding Umm Qais also offers outdoor enthusiasts a range of activities, from hiking trails through olive groves to cycling routes that weave through rolling landscapes. The famous Jordan Trail, which spans the entire country, passes through Umm Qais, providing adventurers with an opportunity to explore the region on foot.
Recent efforts have transformed Umm Qais into a model of sustainable tourism, balancing preservation with development to ensure that its rich heritage remains accessible for generations to come. Its recognition as a top tourism village reflects Jordan’s commitment to showcasing its historical and cultural wealth on the global stage.
For travelers seeking an experience that combines history, breathtaking scenery, and warm hospitality, Umm Qais is an unmissable gem that embodies the essence of Jordan’s enduring legacy.
Read more: Umm Qais: A Window to Jordan's Rich History